Association of in-band and out-of-band identification credentials of a target device

ABSTRACT

An association between a system&#39;s in-band identification credentials with out-of-band identification credentials may arise by making a universal serial bus device emulation in the form of either a virtual mass storage device or a virtual network adaptor. In the case of the former, a machine readable name is decoded to determine which KVM port a target device is connected to. Such can be used to associate a system&#39;s known in-band identification credentials with decoded out-of-band identification credentials from the virtual mass storage device. In the case of the latter, the target may be searched and queried through an out-of-band path to ascertain in-band identification credentials.

The present invention relates to making an association between the in-band and out-of-band identification credentials of a target device. An emulation of a USB device may be utilized that may be, but is not limited to, emulating a mass storage device or a network adaptor.

When a target (e.g., a server) is managed by both in-band (network-based) and out-of-band (non-network based; e.g. keyboard, video, mouse (KVM)) management solutions, there is no convenient way to associate the means of accessing the target in the out-of-band system (“out-of-band identification credentials”) with the means of accessing that same target in the in-band system (“in-band identification credentials”). Associating a target's in-band and out-of-band identification credentials enables a convenient single point of access to the target through either means. In a typical deployment, the only solution is for the customer to input this information manually, a process which can be both time consuming and error-prone, especially when the number of managed targets is large. It is desired to provide a way to make such an association automatically.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the invention is directed at making an association of the in-band and out-of-band identification credentials of a target device. Such may involve emulation of any universal serial bus (USB) device, such as a mass storage device or a network adaptor, by an out-of-band management device for purposes of creating the association of the in-band and out-of-band identification credentials of a target device. This may be done by advertising the out-of-band identification credentials to the target device, to enable discovery through the in-band system, or else actively discovering the target device's in-band identification credentials from the out-of-band device. Once a single system knows both sets of identification credentials, the association can be made.

The emulated (or “virtual”) mass storage device may be provided with a machine readable name that can be decoded for identification of which keyboard, video, mouse (KVM) port is used for out-of-band access to the target. This information, and therefore the target device's out-of-band identification credentials, may be discovered through an in-band path. The emulated (or “virtual”) network adaptor may be configured to enable the out-of-band management device to search the target device for information and management services to query about in-band identification credentials of the target device through an out-of-band path.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following description and accompanying drawings, while the scope of the invention is set forth in the appended claims.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mass storage emulation embodiment in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the network adaptor embodiment in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This invention preferably emulates any USB device, such as standard USB devices supported by modern operating systems, to link or associate in-band and out-of-band data. The basic idea is that by emulating a conventional USB device such as a mass storage device or a network adaptor, one can communicate between an out-of-band channel to an in-band channel and hence be able to link or associate the in-band identification of a target device with its out-of-band identification. Any type of mass storage device may be emulated, such as CD ROMS, media cards, hard disks, or flash disks. The network adaptor represents a bridge connection between a computer and a network.

In the mass storage emulation, a virtual disk drive of the invention is connected to the USB port of the target device. This virtual disk drive has a machine-readable name (used as a signature for identification of the mounted virtual drive) that can be decoded to determine which KVM port is connected to the target device. A separate discovery device, such as Raritan Computer's CommandCenter NOC (CC-NOC), is capable of polling discovered systems over the network (in-band) and finding the virtual drives. By decoding the name, the CC-NOC would then be capable of associating the discovered system's known in-band identification credentials with the out-of-band identification credentials decoded from the virtual mass storage device's drive name. The CC-NOC provides centralized management through a single sign-on to a single interface, with secure, anytime, anywhere access via Web browser. It may support multiple data centers.

In the network adaptor emulation, such as emulating an Ethernet network adaptor or a wireless network adaptor, a virtual network adaptor of the present invention is connected via USB, providing a new network interface to the target device. Communicating through this new interface, the out-of-band management device then searches the target for information and management services such as Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) or Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Such services are then queried across the same interface to find out information about the system's in-band identification credentials (or indeed to query any type of information).

FIG. 1 shows the mass storage device emulation for in-band and out-of-band linkage or association. There is a Computer Interface Module (CIM) 10, which may be a single digital KVM or management product, or a complete system with multiple component products and functions that work together. The CIM represents an out-of-band management device.

In addition to the CIM 10, a target device 20, such as a server, and an in-band management device 30 are connected to a network 40. The CIM 10 and the target server are connected to each other via USB, and possibly by a video connection as well if the CIM is providing KVM access to the target.

The USB device emulator of the CIM 10 registers itself as a USB mass storage device. The target server 20 recognizes the USB device and mounts it as a local drive.

The in-band management device 30 sees the mounted local drive appear on target server 20 via industry standard discovery methods such as web services or other management protocols like Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI). The management device 30 decodes the drive name to determine the identity of the CIM 10 connected to the target server 20. The decoding is performed via an algorithm or through lookup in an external database 50.

As a result of this decoding, the out-of-band address or identification credentials of the target server 20 become known to the in-band management device 30 in association with or linked with the known in-band address or identification credentials of the target server 20. This association or linkage is stored by the management device 30 or in the lookup database for future use and shared with other components as needed.

FIG. 2 shows the network adaptor emulation with management protocol for identifying in-band identification credentials from the out-of-band system. There is the Computer Interface Module (CIM) 10, which may be a single digital KVM or management product, or a complete system with multiple component products and functions that work together. The CIM 10 and target device 20, such as a server, are shown in connection with the external network 40. The USB emulator of the CIM 10 registers itself as a USB network adaptor. The target device 20 recognizes the registered USB network adapter and mounts it as a network interface. A private network 60 is created between the CIM 10 and the target device 20, through which the two may communicate.

In effect, when the USB emulator registers itself as a USB network adaptor, it becomes a virtual network adaptor. When such a virtual network adaptor is turned on, it appears to the target device 20 as a built-in network interface. The network that connects to that interface is completely contained within the CIM 10 and therefore “private”, giving rise to the private network 60. Such a private network 60 logically connects the target device 20 and the CIM 10.

Typically, the target device 20 will immediately attempt to acquire an IP address for its new interface by broadcasting a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) request. The CIM 10 receives this request, and may examine it to extract the target device's 20 host name, which may provide sufficient in-band identification credentials for the current purpose. The CIM 10 associates this information with the target's known out-of-band identification credentials and stores this information locally or in the lookup database 50 so it can be shared with other management devices as needed.

If further information is desired, the CIM 10 serves an IP address to the target device 20 via DHCP. At this point, the CIM 10 knows the IP address of the target device 20 on the private network 60.

The CIM 10 may discover management services on the target device 20, such as SNMP or WMI, via network communications across the private network. The CIM 10 sends management information requests to the discovered management services. The target device 20 answers the management requests and provides its in-band identification credentials. The CIM 10 associates this information with the target's known out-of-band identification credentials and stores this information locally or in the lookup database 50 so it can be shared with other management devices as needed.

The CIM 10 may also discover the in-band identification credentials of the target device 20 by querying the target device 20 across the private network for file share services. If the target device 20 supports such services, it will respond back to the CIM 10 with information sufficient to determine the target device's 20 in-band identification credentials.

While the foregoing description and drawings represent the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. 

1. An apparatus configured to ascertain association of in-band and out-of-band identification credentials of a target device, comprising: a computer program encoded in a computer readable medium to receive information from which the computer program ascertains identification credentials of the target device that are one of in-band identification credentials and out-of-band identification credentials of the target device, the computer program being further configured to associate the ascertained identification credentials of the target device with the other of in-band identification credentials and out-of-band identification credentials of the target device that are previously known to the computer program.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a computer interface module configured to provide a virtual mass storage device having a machine-readable name; and a discovery device configured and arranged to poll over a network via an in-band channel to find a local drive appearing on a target device to obtain a name of the local drive that includes the machine-readable name; the computer program being further configured to decode or look up the machine-readable name and, as a result of same, to identify the out-of-band identification credentials of the target device from the name of the local drive and to associate previously known in-band identification credentials of the target device with the identified out of band identification credentials of the target device.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the computer program is configured to determine which keyboard, video and mouse (KVM) port a request came from based on decoding of the machine-readable name of the virtual mass storage device to identify the out-of-band identification credentials.
 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the virtual mass storage device is selected from a group consisting of virtual CD ROMS, virtual media cards, virtual hard disks and virtual flash disks.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a computer interface module configured to provide a virtual network adaptor, the computer interface module having the computer readable medium with the computer program and being responsive to a broadcast made through an out-of-band path by a target device that seeks an Internet Protocol address of the virtual network adaptor so as to extract a host name of the target device that contains in-band identification credentials of the target device, the computer program being further configured to associate the extracted in-band identification credentials of the target device with out-of-band identification credentials of the target device the latter of which being previously known to the computer program.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the computer interface module has a private network connected to the virtual network adaptor, the computer interface module providing an emulation of a Universal Serial Bus device as the virtual network adaptor.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising the target device connected to the private network.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a computer interface module configured with the computer readable medium having the computer program and being further configured to search for information and management or file sharing services and, after finding such services, querying the services to ascertain information about the in-band identification credentials of the target device, the computer program being further configured to associate the in-band identification credentials of the target device with out-of-band identification credentials of the target device the latter of which being previously known to the computer program.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an external management device containing the computer readable medium with the computer program; and a computer interface module configured to emulate a universal serial bus device so that the received information pertains at least in part to the emulated universal serial bus device.
 10. A method to ascertain association of in-band and out-of-band identification credentials of a target device, comprising: receiving information from which a computer program ascertains identification credentials of the target device that are one of in-band identification credentials and out-of-band identification credentials of the target device, the computer program being encoded in a computer readable medium; and associating the ascertained identification credentials of the target device with the other of in-band identification credentials and out-of-band identification credentials of the target device that are previously known to the computer program, the associating being carried out with the computer program.
 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: providing a virtual mass storage device having a machine-readable name, the providing being carried out with a computer interface module; and polling over a network via an in-band channel to find a local drive appearing on a target device to obtain a name of the local drive that includes the machine-readable name, the polling being carried out with a discovery device; decoding or looking up the machine-readable name and, as a result of same, identifying the out-of-band identification credentials of the target device from the name of the local drive and associating previously known in-band identification credentials of the target device with the identified out of band identification credentials of the target device, the decoding or looking up being carried out with the computer program.
 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising using the computer program to determine which keyboard, video and mouse (KVM) port a request came from based on decoding of the machine-readable name of the virtual mass storage device to identify the out-of-band identification credentials.
 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising: providing a virtual network adaptor by using a computer interface module; extracting a host name of the target device that contains in-band identification credentials of the target device in response to a broadcast made through an out-of-band path by a target device that seeks an Internet Protocol address of the virtual network adaptor, the extracting arising by using the computer interface module that also has the computer readable medium with the computer program; and associating the extracted in-band identification credentials of the target device with out-of-band identification credentials of the target device, the latter of which being previously known to the computer program, by using the computer program.
 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising connecting a private network to the virtual network adaptor, containing the private network within the computer interface module, and emulating a Universal Serial Bus device as the virtual network adaptor with the computer interface module.
 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising connecting the target device to the private network.
 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising: searching for information and management or file sharing services and, after finding such services, querying the services to ascertain information about the in-band identification credentials of the target device; and associating the in-band identification credentials of the target device with out-of-band identification credentials of the target device, the latter of which being previously known to the computer program, the searching being carried out with a computer interface module that has the computer readable medium with the computer program, the associating being carried out with the computer program.
 17. The method of claim 10, further comprising containing the computer readable medium with the computer program within an external management device; and providing a computer interface module that emulates a universal serial bus device so that the received information pertains at least in part to the emulated universal serial bus device.
 18. A device for associating in band credentials and out of band credentials of a target, comprising: a management module for receiving information with respect to one of in band credentials and out of band credentials; the management module decoding the information to ascertain the one of in band and out of band credentials; and the management module associating ascertained credentials with a remaining one of in band credentials and out of band credentials.
 19. The device of claim 18, further comprising a polling module to find a virtual device mounted to the target.
 20. The device of claim 19, wherein the management module decodes a machine readable name from the virtual device to determine an out of band credentials and associates the out of band credentials with known in band credentials.
 21. The device of claim 19, wherein the management module determines which keyboard, video and mouse (KVM) port the virtual device is mounted to by decoding a machine readable name of the virtual device.
 22. The device of claim 19, wherein the virtual device is selected from a group consisting of virtual CD ROMS, virtual media cards, virtual hard disks, virtual flash disks and virtual network adaptor.
 23. The device of claim 18, further comprising a virtual device mounted to the target.
 24. The device of claim 23, wherein the management module: receives a request from the target; extracts a host name from the request; ascertains in band credentials of the target; and associates the in band credentials with known out of band credentials.
 25. The device of claim 23, wherein the virtual device is a virtual network adaptor.
 26. A system for associating in band credentials and out of band credentials of a target, comprising: a computer interface module including an emulation device; a management device for decoding information received when the emulation device is mounted to the target to determine one of in band credentials and out of band credentials; and the management device associating determined credentials with a remaining one of in band credentials and out of band credentials.
 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the management device decodes a machine readable name from the emulation device to determine an out of band credentials and associates the out of band credentials with known in band credentials.
 28. The system of claim 26, wherein the management device is resident within the computer interface module.
 29. The system of claim 26, where in the management device decodes a request from the target, to extract a host name to determine an in band credentials and associates the in band credentials with known out of band credentials.
 30. A method for associating in-band and out-of-band identification credentials of a target device, comprising: mounting a virtual device to the target device; receiving information pertaining to at least one of the virtual device and the target device; ascertaining credentials from the information that are one of in-band credentials and out-of-band credentials; and associating the ascertained credentials with a remaining one of in-band credentials and out-of-band credentials that is known.
 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the information contains a machine readable name.
 32. The method of claim 31, further comprising: polling over a network via an in-band channel to find the virtual device to obtain a name of a local drive that includes the machine-readable name; and decoding or looking up the machine-readable name and identifying out-of-band credentials of the target device from the name of the local drive and associating known in band credentials of the target device with the identified out of band credentials of the target device.
 33. The method of claim 30, further comprising: extracting a host name of the target device that contains in-band credentials of the target device from a request made through an out of band path by the target device; and associating the extracted in band credentials of the target device with known out-of-band credentials of the target device. 